Lesbianism as a Liberating Force

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				<title>Lesbianism as a Liberating Force</title>
				<author>Elsa Gidlow</author>
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					<persName>Haley Beardsley</persName>
					<resp>Editor, encoder</resp>
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					<persName>Erica Delsandro</persName>
					<resp>Investigator, editor</resp>
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					<persName>Margaret Hunter</persName>
					<resp>Editor</resp>
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					<persName>Diane Jakacki</persName>
					<resp>Invesigator, encoder</resp>
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					<persName>Sophie McQuaide</persName>
					<resp>Editor</resp>
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				<respStmt>
					<persName>Olivia Martin</persName>
					<resp>Editor, encoder</resp>
				</respStmt>
				<respStmt>
					<persName>Bri Perea</persName>
					<resp>Editor</resp>
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					<persName>Roger Rothman</persName>
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					<persName>Kaitlyn Segreti</persName>
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					<persName>Maggie Smith</persName>
					<resp>Editor</resp>
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					<persName>Maya Wadhwa</persName>
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					<persName>Lucy Wadswoth</persName>
					<resp>Editor</resp>
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				<respStmt>
					<persName>Ricky Rodriguez</persName>
					<resp>Editor</resp>
				</respStmt>
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					<persName>Zoha Nadeer</persName>
					<resp>Editor</resp>
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				<funder>Bucknell University Humanities Center</funder>
				<funder>Bucknell University Office of Undergraduate Research</funder>
				<funder>The Mellon Foundation</funder>
				<funder>National Endowment for the Humanities</funder>
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					<name>Bucknell University</name>
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						<street>One Dent Drive</street>
						<settlement>Lewisburg</settlement>
						<region>Pennsylvania</region>
						<postCode>17837</postCode>
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					<licence>Bucknell Heresies Project: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
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					<licence>Heresies journal: © Heresies Collective</licence>
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						<title>Heresies Issue #3: Lesbian Art and Artists</title>
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							<publisher>HERESIES: A Feminist Publication on Art and
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			<pb n="94" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/heresies/main/issue03/Issue3_images/issue3_096.jpg"/>
			<head><title>LESBIANISM AS A LIBERATING FORCE</title></head>
			<byline><persName key="Elsa Gidlow" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5367407">ELSA GIDLOW</persName></byline>
			 Is lesbianism liberating for the artist? My own experience suggests that it is. When
				at an early age I recognized the need to voice the poetry seething in me I observed
				my mother and all the women 1 knew of, living and dead, and saw that their lives
				were both destructive of women’s independence and dignity and inimical to the
				pursuit of an art. Along with this realization I was not attracted to men (though as
				yet not fully aware of their collective roles as oppressors). I knew nothing of a
				lesbian way of life but my own needs and observations were guiding me in that
				direction.
			When at the age of eighteen I learned of the Greek poet, <persName key="Sappho" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17892">Sappho</persName>, and her way of life
				I discovered what is now (inadequately) called "a role model." Seeking out all I
				could of her way of life and her times I found intimation of alternatives for women
				of talent and spirit not hinted at for those born where I was growing up. Not that
				my life could in any way resemble hers. She had every social and economic advantage.
				I had none. Penniless and with no formal education, no schooling after fourteen nor
				preparation for any sort of career, 1 had to accept long hours of wage-slave menial
				office labor while trying to salvage space and time for creative work.
			Nevertheless, the sense of inner freedom, of broad- ened emotional horizons, was
				revelation. I could be was in my heart, though a wage-slave, an independent woman
				responsible to and for myself. 1 am aware that young women today, sixty years later,
				may not see it that way, some hoping for more freedom in marriage, others
				compromising with or feeling compelled to lean on welfare. But I think that any job
				is preferable to either spirit-cramping indignity. I wrote a poem bidding farewell
				to the socially prescribed roles and in it was the line, "The wide world is to
				know." Security (how false is usually that promise) was scorned; the sense of
				adventure predominant. However brash it may seem, 1 feel that this sense of
				adventure is necessary to the artist.
			Adventure always has been assumed to be the prerogative of men. On the other hand the
				life of housewife-mother is totally mapped. You can see to the end of it in middle
				age, menopause, loneliness. The role of non-heterosexual artist (in my case, poet)
				in the early twenties was unexplored territory. You launched yourself into the
				unknown. Who can say that is not exhilarating? It did not occur to me that there
				could be any greater difficulties attached to my preference for women as lovers than
				I already faced. The economic and educational lack of advantages aside, I was
				already at a disadvantage as a woman daring what was (still is) regarded as a male
				world. Being an aspiring poet compounded it: even male poets were expected to starve
				in garrets. Already critical of the whole course of bourgeois society and its
				inequities, I did not fit in on that level either - nor do I wish to. Being lesbian
				could not make me more of an outsider. As the saying goes, "You may as well be hung
				for a sheep as a lamb." Whatever the hazards, the attendant liberation from
				conformity was stimulating, compelling one to think for oneself.
			If I was little inclined to consider the aloneness ahead, the heartache and hardship,
				that soon became plain. There was no supporting feminist movement. I hoped to find
				comrades on the way, what I called “my people”; but it was taking a long time. I
				have had other women today say, "You had your gift, your art." Yes. That was what I
				lived for, in the face of every setback. But having talent is not unique. I believe
				that creativity is inherent in all humans as is the impulse in plants and trees to
				produce blossoms and fruit according to their kind and that it is a necessary
				concomitant of growth.
			Generally, the domestic way is not compatible with the way of the artist. Nor, as a
				rule, with other spiritual and intellectual dedications. Can it be coincidental that
				most priesthoods, East and West, have called for celibacy? <persName key="Sappho" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17892">Sappho</persName> wrote: "I am
				forever virgin.” And let us never forget that "virgin" in the original definition
				meant, not absence of erotic experience, but independence. For women, independence
				from men and marriage hence domesticity. (A virgin forest is an unexploited one.)
				Even the Virgin Mary in the Catholic church is not depicted as domestic. She has a
				priestly role. As does every artist.
			Does it become plain why lesbianism is liberating for the woman, for the artist in
				her? Or for those women born with or who cultivate what I call a lesbian
				personality? As I see it, that personality manifests itself in independence of
				spirit, in willingness to take responsibility for oneself, to think for oneself, not
				to take "authorities and their dictum on trust. It usually includes erotic
				attraction to women, although we know there have been many women of lesbian
				personality who never had sexual relations with one another. Even where an erotic
				relationship exists the sensually sexual may be far from predominant. What is
				strongly a part of the lesbian personality is loyalty to and love of other women.
				And every lesbian personality I have knowledge of is in some way creative. To my
				mind this is because she is freed or has freed herself from the external and
				internal dominance of the male and so ignored or rejected (usually male prescribed)
				social assumptions that the constellation of domestic functions are peculiarly hers.
				The important point is that the lesbian has sought wholeness <pb n="95" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/heresies/main/issue03/Issue3_images/issue3_097.jpg"/> within
				herself, not requiring, in the old romantic sense, to be completed" by an
				opposite.
			I do not wish to imply that a woman who is drawn to men, or who feels she loves a
				man, may not work to achieve these freedoms. But the men who will tolerate real
				autonomy in a woman partner, in whatever capac- ity, are so rare that I for one am
				skeptical of the possibility. It is a hard realization that a woman’s need to love
				and be loved, to cherish and be cherished, may become her most painful hurdle—a bar
				to self-realization.
			This pertains politically as well as personally. Despite the insights of some of our
				currently espoused ideologies and the (mainly expedient or token) gains for women as
				a result of their application, I know of no ideology that convinces me of the
				likelihood of women being rendered justice through a change of state master. The
				energies, skills and intelligence of women have been recognized and utilized within
				the several socialist countries more equitably on the whole than in the capitalist
				vocational arenas. But if unemployment looms, will women be rationalized back into
				"the home”? And what of our lesbian personalities, even today, in the socialist
				states?
			I should like to be convinced to the contrary, but can anyone tell me of an existing
				male-birthed political system that would grant to a woman of lesbian temperament the
				uncontested right to freely live and love as required by her needs and nature? To
				create her art, write her poetry or voice her views in accordance with her vision of
				a society compatible with women’s growth and flowering as women? I find it hard to
				give allegiance to the hope that this will happen in any society that requires
				acquiescence as a cog in a state machine, one whose practical daily politics is
				exerted to attain the predominance of that state over other states—the traditional,
				seemingly ineradicable male competitive stance. The means always determine the ends.
				No state power ever has acquiesced in its own withering away nor does any today show
				signs of being likely to.
			Throughout my life I have defended the right to revolt against injustice. I have
				specifically defended the right of the <placeName key="soviet" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q211201">Soviet</placeName> peoples, the <placeName key="Cubans" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1195125">Cuban</placeName> people, the people
				of <placeName key="China" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q29520">China</placeName>—all greatly to be admired despite reservations - to have the kind of
				society suitable to their needs and development. In the fifties I was called before
				the <orgName key="Kalifornien Fact Finding Committee on Un-American Activities" ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/148648418/">California Un-American Activities Committee</orgName>, known as the <orgName key="Kalifornien Fact Finding Committee on Un-American Activities" ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/148648418/">Tenney Committee</orgName>, and
				put on “trial" in the town where I lived for my views and political activities. I
				was accused of being “communist, which I was not. But one cannot expect tunnel
				vision bigots to differentiate between, say, Marxism and something resembling
				philosophical anarchism. Since I earned my living as a free-lance writer and
				journalist I could not be deprived of a job by the publicity; but I did lose
				magazines that had been regularly accepting my work.
			I am not blind to the dilemma my sort of radicalism poses. I have thought about it
				lifelong and have no answers, only increasing numbers of questions. Perhaps the
				artist, the lesbian artist in particular, always will have to survive within the
				interstices of the chicaneries and despotism of any power structure. But being more
				hopeful than that, as 1 am, can we as women, as lesbians, as artists, clearly
				delineate in our own minds what sort of a society we would like to live in? Any
				number of questions and tentative formulations should be advanced before we become
				arbitrary in our politics or suggest a course for women and the women’s movement. In
				the meantime, can we at least agree not to give our energies or allegiance, to any
				ideology, movement, or existing society that is not demonstrating unequivocally its
				rejection of residues of discrimination against women?
			I should like to end by proposing for meditation a brief comment by <persName key="Mary Wollstonecraft" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q101638">Mary
				Wollstonecraft</persName> made in an appendix to a collection of her letters written in the
				summer of 1796 during her travels in <placeName key="Sweden" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q34">Sweden</placeName>, <placeName key="Norway" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q20">Norway</placeName> and <placeName key="Denmark" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q35">Denmark</placeName>. She had personally
				witnessed in <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> some of the excesses and horrors of the French Revolution, which
				nevertheless she espoused. The time in which she lived and wrote was no less
				disruptive of settled ways and views than ours today; and she had fearlessly exposed
				herself to their full tide. Burning radical where the eradication of human,
				especially women’s, miseries and oppression were concerned, she wrote these
				considered words two years before her death:
			<quote>"An ardent affection for the human race makes enthusiastic characters eager to
				produce alteration in laws and governments prematurely. To render them useful and
				permanent, they must be the growth of each particular soil, and the gradual fruit of
				the ripening understanding of the nation, matured by time, not forced by an
				unnatural fermentation.</quote>
		</body>
		<back>
			 <persName key="Elsa Gidlow" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5367407">Elsa Gidlow</persName> is a poet who has made her living most of her life as a journalist. Her
				latest book <title key="SAPPHIC SONGS, Seventeen to Seventy" ref="https://search.lib.buffalo.edu/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=01SUNY_BUF:everything&amp;search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&amp;tab=Everything&amp;docid=alma990011872290204803&amp;lang=en&amp;context=L&amp;adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&amp;offset=0">SAPPHIC SONGS, Seventeen to Seventy</title>, (<orgName key="Diana Press Publications" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q105833288">Diana Press</orgName>) includes recent work
				and lesbian love poems from her book <title key="On a Grey Thread Elsa Gidlow" ref="https://archive.org/details/OnAGreyThread/page/n5/mode/2up">On a Grey Thread</title>, first published in 1923. 
		</back>
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